Career roadmaps / Skills map

Skills map

68 skills. Learn the ones that open the most doors first.

Skills shared by several roles come first, so early learning keeps your options open.

Python scripting

2 roles

Automating test cases and calling model APIs is daily work.

Active Directory attacks

Most corporate networks are Windows domains.

Agent loops and orchestration

Multi-step work needs clear control flow and stopping conditions.

AI risk management

Organisations now need policies for how AI is used and tested.

Choosing models and products

Picking the right model for the task controls cost and latency.

CI/CD pipelines

Automated checks turn source changes into controlled releases.

Clear written communication

Managers and customers act on your summary, not your screenshots.

Cloud audit logging

You cannot investigate what was never logged.

Cloud security architecture

Senior roles are judged on design decisions, not tickets closed.

Common attack types

Phishing, malware and credential abuse make up most of an analyst's queue.

Container networking and storage

Real applications need data persistence and service-to-service communication.

Container security

Reproducible, non-root, scanned images reduce supply-chain and runtime risk.

Containment and eradication

Acting in the right order preserves evidence and stops spread.

Context management

Long tasks fail when context is managed badly.

Data exfiltration and system prompt leakage

Leaked context is often the finding with the biggest business impact.

Detection engineering

Turning attacker behaviour into alerts is a core deliverable.

Direct and indirect prompt injection

The most common and most damaging LLM vulnerability class.

Docker images and Dockerfiles

Images are the deployable unit used by modern delivery platforms.

Evaluating output

Checking model output is the skill that separates production use from demos.

Evaluation and regression testing

A fix without a test comes back in the next release.

Evidence collection

Audits pass or fail on evidence.

Git workflows

Infrastructure and delivery changes need reviewable history.

HTTP, APIs and authentication

Every LLM feature is reached through an API; most real breaches start with auth mistakes.

Human-in-the-loop controls

Consequential actions need approval gates that attackers cannot talk their way past.

Identity and access management

Identity is the primary cloud perimeter; most incidents involve over-broad access.

Incident response playbooks

The first hour of a credential leak decides the damage.

Infrastructure as code security

Catching a misconfiguration in review is far cheaper than in production.

ISO 27001 and SOC 2

The frameworks customers ask about most.

Kubernetes reliability and security

Probes, resources, RBAC and network policy keep failures contained.

Kubernetes workloads and networking

Deployments and Services are the daily primitives of container platforms.

Least-privilege tool design

Limiting what a tool can do caps the damage of any injection that succeeds.

Linux administration

Most cloud compute is Linux; investigation happens at the shell.

Linux and the command line

Most tooling and targets are Linux.

Linux operations

Cloud servers, containers and CI runners all depend on Linux.

Log analysis

Evidence lives in authentication, endpoint and network logs.

MCP and tool design

Well-designed tools make agents both more capable and safer.

Messages API and SDKs

Every integration starts here.

Networking and protocols

Enumeration is reading what a network exposes.

Operating systems and networking

Every alert is about a host, a user or a connection.

Organisation-wide policies

Preventive controls stop mistakes no individual review would catch.

OWASP Top 10 for LLM applications

The reference list clients and auditors ask you to test against.

OWASP Top 10 for web

The shared vocabulary for application risk that security reviews are written in.

Policy writing

Policies are the organisation's rules, and you draft them.

Privilege escalation

Initial access rarely matters without escalation.

Prompt caching and cost control

Production budgets depend on it.

Prompt structure

Clear instructions, context and examples drive most quality gains.

Prompting and system prompts

Injection is an attack on instructions; you need to know how instructions are layered.

Python or Bash automation

Security at cloud scale is automated or it does not happen.

Reconnaissance and enumeration

Most successful tests are won in enumeration.

Report writing

The report is the product the client pays for.

Reporting to leadership

Boards fund what they understand.

Retrieval-augmented generation

Retrieved documents are an indirect injection path most teams overlook.

Risk assessment

Everything in GRC starts from likelihood and impact.

Rules of engagement

Staying in scope is a legal requirement, not a courtesy.

Security controls

You map controls to risks and prove they work.

Security fundamentals

Confidentiality, integrity and availability frame how you judge severity.

Security programme leadership

Senior roles own the roadmap, not just the checklist.

Shell scripting

Small, safe scripts remove repeated manual work.

SIEM queries

Searching logs quickly is the analyst's core tool.

Storage and encryption

Public buckets and unencrypted data remain common breach causes.

TCP/IP, DNS and TLS

Network controls and most detections are reasoned about at this layer.

Third-party risk

Vendors are a leading source of breaches.

Threat intelligence

Knowing attacker techniques shortens investigations.

Tool use

Tools connect the model to your systems and data.

Tool use and agents

Tools turn a text bug into a real action like sending email or reading files.

Triage and severity

Correct prioritisation is what a SOC is measured on.

Virtual networks and security groups

Segmentation limits how far an attacker moves.

Web application attacks

Web apps are the most common test scope.

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